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A landmark history — the sweeping story of the enslavement of tens of thousands of Indians across America, from the time of the conquistadors up to the early 20th century
Since the time of Columbus, Indian slavery was illegal in much of the American continent. Yet, as Andrés Reséndez illuminates in his myth-shattering The Other Slavery, it was practiced for centuries as an open secret. There was no abolitionist movement to protect the tens of thousands of natives who were kidnapped and enslaved by the conquistadors, then forced to descend into the “mouth of hell” of eighteenth-century silver mines or, later, made to serve as domestics for Mormon settlers and rich Anglos.
Reséndez builds the incisive case that it was mass slavery, more than epidemics, that decimated Indian populations across North America. New evidence, including testimonies of courageous priests, rapacious merchants, Indian captives, and Anglo colonists, sheds light too on Indian enslavement of other Indians — as what started as a European business passed into the hands of indigenous operators and spread like wildfire across vast tracts of the American Southwest.
The Other Slavery reveals nothing less than a key missing piece of American history. For over two centuries we have fought over, abolished, and tried to come to grips with African-American slavery. It is time for the West to confront an entirely separate, equally devastating enslavement we have long failed truly to see.
- Sales Rank: #24921 in Books
- Published on: 2016-04-12
- Released on: 2016-04-12
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.46" w x 6.00" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 448 pages
Review
“Reséndez corrects a blind spot in our understanding of North American history and illuminates mechanisms by which present-day versions of the practice endure.”—The New Yorker
"This book is, arguably, one of the most profound contributions to North American history published since Patricia Nelson Limerick's "Legacy of Conquest" and Richard White's "The Middle Ground." But it's not necessary to be into history to understand its power: Our world is still the world Reséndez so eloquently anatomizes." —Los Angeles Times
"No other book before has so thoroughly rleated the broad history of Indian slavery in the Americas, and not just its facts but the very reason it has been overlooked." —San Francisco Chronicle
"Reséndez is adept at untangling the intertribal slave trade, as well as the pernicious behavior of white settlers in northern California."—Philadelphia Inquirer
"With his new book, Reséndez joins a small but growing group of historians reexamining the scope and nutre of slavery in the Southwest and Native America."—Santa Fe New Mexican
“Every now and then a new book comes along that throws a switch on our historical valences and makes us see ourselves anew. The Other Slavery is one such book. Much as Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee did when it first appeared in the early 1970s, Andrés Reséndez's carefully sifted work fundamentally reshapes our understanding of a great enduring mystery: What really accounts for the swift and tragic demise of our continent's indigenous peoples?”
—Hampton Sides, author of Blood and Thunder and In the Kingdom of Ice
“In The Other Slavery Andrés Reséndez retells a vast section of Native American and North American history by putting forced labor in its multiple forms at the center. The result is a revealing, tragic, and heartbreaking history.”
—Richard White, Margaret Byrne Professor of American History, Stanford University
"The Other Slavery is a necessary work that occupies a loaded historical landscape; Reséndez keeps a deliberate scholarly distance from the material, bringing forth evidence and constructing careful — even conservative — arguments. But that evidence speaks for itself, and the horrors quietly pile up."
— NPR.org
"We all know that Christopher Columbus and his successors enslaved the natives in the New World. Reséndez (History/Univ. of California, Davis; A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca, 2009, etc.) exposes the broad brush that the "other slavery" wielded. The extinction of the indigenous peoples of America is usually written off as the effect of diseases introduced by Spanish soldiers and colonists. Not so, says the author; it took only 60 years after Columbus' discovery for a cataclysmic population collapse. They died from slavery, overwork, and famine. Reséndez examines the methods of enslavement, from the 15th-century Caribbean to 19th-century California, and his approachable style eases reading difficult personal stories of slavery and cruelty. That there are so many individual stories illustrates the author's wide-ranging research. Columbus initially intended to transport Indians to Europe in a "reverse middle passage," but he was thwarted by Ferdinand and Isabella's opposition to slavery as well as the need for labor in the mines. In 1542, the Spanish crown passed the New Laws, outlawing slavery, and procuradores, specialist lawyers, were appointed to sue for freedom of those illegally enslaved. Reséndez shows how inconvenient laws were bypassed. First, the parameters of who could be enslaved were not necessarily strictly defined. While the royals insisted their people be treated as vassals, those who enslaved them just changed the nomenclature and methods. Colonists were granted encomiendas, grants of Indians to overlords, or repartimientos, compulsory labor drafts. The growth of peonage—debt slavery—provided even more slave labor. Eventually, Mexican silver mines turned to New Mexico to supply slaves, which gives the author the opportunity to provide the history of peoples in the Southwest. As the Mormons bought slaves to "civilize" them, the Spanish initially enslaved people to "Christianize" them. Both merely created an underclass. This eye-opening exposure of the abuse of the indigenous peoples of America is staggering; that the mistreatment continued into the 20th century is beyond disturbing."
—Kirkus
"Reséndez (A Land So Strange), a professor of history at the University of California, Davis, details the ways in which Native Americans were subjected to enslavement throughout the Americas. When the U.S. gained California and other southwestern territories from Mexico in 1848, it also acquired a significant number of Indian slaves who were “entrapped by a distinct brand of bondage… perpetrated by colonial Spain and inherited by Mexico.” This form of enslavement ran parallel to that endured by people of African descent throughout colonial Latin America and, Reséndez argues, generated an even more disastrous population loss. He notes the ways in which the “other slavery” defies simple definitions, relating how it was so widespread and deeply rooted in the economy and society of the Americas that it lasted even longer than that of African slavery, persisting in the guise of debt peonage into the 20th century. Emphasizing the variety of experiences of unfree labor suffered over five centuries by individuals from communities as culturally diverse and geographically separate as the Maya, the Apache, and indigenous Caribbeans, Reséndez vividly recounts the harrowing story of a previously little-known aspect of the histories of American slavery and of encounters between indigenes and invaders. "
— Publisher's Weekly
"Today, with the complex and myriad effects of globalization frequently in the news, human trafficking has managed to endure. The Other Slavery both reminds and cautions: Man’s inhumanity to man is still making history."
— Book Page
“At a time when we are struggling to come to grips with the legacy of our long-time African slavery experience, it is only right that we should also acknowledge and inform ourselves of the human tragedy endured by the indigenous people of this hemisphere from Columbus’ first contact to the present.”
— New York Journal of Books
From the Inside Flap
A landmark history — the sweeping story of the enslavement of tens of thousands of Indians across America, from the time of the conquistadors up to the early twentieth century
Since the time of Columbus, Indian slavery was illegal in much of the American continent. Yet, as Andrés Reséndez illuminates in his myth-shattering The Other Slavery, it was practiced for centuries as an open secret. There was no abolitionist movement to protect the tens of thousands of Natives who were kidnapped and enslaved by the conquistadors, then forced to descend into the “mouth of hell” of eighteenth-century silver mines or, later, made to serve as domestics for Mormon settlers and rich Anglos.
Reséndez builds the incisive, original case that it was mass slavery — more than epidemics — that decimated Indian populations across North America. New evidence, including testimonies of courageous priests, rapacious merchants, Indian captives, and Anglo colonists, sheds light too on Indian enslavement of other Indians — as what started as a European business passed into the hands of indigenous operators and spread like wildfire across vast tracts of the American Southwest.
The Other Slavery is nothing less than a key missing piece of American history. For over two centuries we have fought over, abolished, and tried to come to grips with African American slavery. It is time for the West to confront an entirely separate, equally devastating enslavement we have long failed truly to see.
From the Back Cover
Praise for The Other Slavery
“Every now and then a new book comes along that throws a switch on our historical valences and makes us see ourselves anew. The Other Slavery is one such book. Much as Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee did when it first appeared in the early 1970s, Andrés Reséndez’s carefully sifted work fundamentally reshapes our understanding of a great enduring mystery: What really accounts for the swift and tragic demise of our continent’s indigenous peoples?”—Hampton Sides, author of Blood and Thunder and In the Kingdom of Ice
“In The Other Slavery Andrés Reséndez retells a vast section of Native American and North American history by putting forced labor in its multiple forms at the center. The result is a revealing, tragic, and heartbreaking history.”—Richard White, Margaret Byrne Professor of American History, Stanford University
Most helpful customer reviews
18 of 20 people found the following review helpful.
Outstanding!
By Christina Paul
The story of the Americas is a rich one. However, there is a vast difference between what the majority of us are taught in schools and the reality. America, be it the United States, Mexico, Central and South America or the Caribbean Islands were all built on slavery. The idea of slavery conjures up images of Africans forcibly and horrifically taken from their homelands in Africa and imported to be forced labor here. What is not discussed is that there were long before the import of the first African slaves to the Americas, and very long after they were emancipated, the slavery of Indigenous Peoples of various Indian Nations for the longest time. This book, from the introduction onward, is a detailed and heart-wrenching account that “Indian slavery never went away, but rather coexisted with African slavery from the sixteenth all the way through to the late nineteenth century.”
While we really can’t compare and contrast the number of African slaves (some 12.5 million) to the estimated numbers of Indian slaves (between 2.5 to 5 million), the stain and the horror was no less. Even with the addition of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments that essentially abolished slavery in the United States, the wording made it possible to continue the enslavement of Indians through the whole of the nineteenth century and in some areas into more remote areas in the early portion of the twentieth century. The language contained within those two Amendments, according to Resendez, was made to focus more on slaves of African decent and left out those who were Indians. It allowed Indian slavery to be a well kept secret, but something that still went on. Even today, in parts of central and South America, the practice does continue - in the form of debt peonage or labor camps for those who have allegedly broken laws of the Dominant Culture that Indigenous People are forced to live under.
As a woman of Indigenous ancestry, in our family we were taught a great many things about the history of the United States from an Indigenous perspective. Even the knowledge that is handed down among families and cultures does not touch on some of the horrific details and systematic practices of slavery of Indios or Indians. In college, I had a fantastic professor that taught us in detail about the caste structure in Spanish-held areas in the Americas from the days of the Conquistidores. Penensulares (Elites), the Creoles, the Mestizos, the Mulattoes, the Indios, the Zambos, and the Africans. The level of human exploitation went far beyond and for a longer period of time than I even had an idea about. It is good to be informed and to have someone spend so much time assembling information that is spotty at best and putting together a picture that even Indigenous People from Nations effected such as the Apache, Zuni, and other Southwestern Tribes as well as how entire vast populations were wiped out not just because they most often fell victim to diseases brought by the European invaders that they had no defenses against, but in dying of these diseases there was an ever increasing demand to replace those Indians that were put into slavery.
Andres Resendez has made a book that should be required reading in high school and college. The author insists that this book is not meant to be an end-all-be-all on the topic of the Other Slavery, but I think it comes pretty close. The Other Slavery really should be on every reading list for anyone who is interested in Native American history.
The Other Slavery is a sobering book. It is at times hard to read. I found myself crying and angry and most often just completely flabbergasted at the sheer obliviousness that we as a country seem to have when it comes to the topic of human trafficking, how rife it was and has been, and just how long it’s been going on. We as a country are complicit in what happened and we need to begin acknowleging that fact. There were things I was never taught both by family or in school and Resendez outlines various rebellions and historical points with so much detail. As difficult as this book was to read for me as an Indigenous woman, if I could give it ten stars, I would.
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Shining a Spotlight on Shadow Slavery
By ck
Sixty-two years after the U.S. Supreme Court declared desegregation illegal, parts of our nation are still coming to grips with the essential inhumanity of black slavery and the silent creeping prejudice that remains.
With “The Other Slavery,” Andrés Reséndez summons our attention to an equally shameful heritage America shares with other nations in the “New World,” the four-century-long enslavement and servitude of Indians.
Enslavement of these two very different groups existed side by side for three centuries, but as Reséndez points out, the very legality of African slavery made it quite visible even as it was occurring and today in the historical record.
By contrast, he writes, Indian slavery was largely illegal and “its victims toiled, quite literally, in dark corners and behind locked doors.” Thus, these people were robbed of their freedom while they lived, and denied general acknowledgment of their suffering after they died. Reséndez estimates that 2.5 million to 5 million Indians were taken into slavery in the New World. Of these, he believes that 147,000 to 340,000 were from North America, excluding Mexico. (He posits that Indian enslavement in Mexico and Central America comprised an additional 590,000 to 1.4 million people.)
I gravitated to the section of the book in which Reséndez addresses slavery and servitude after the end of the Civil War and found it both clearly substantiated and heartbreaking. The scale and scope were devastating, as were the uneven Federal attempts to eradicate it. Here, as throughout the book, Reséndez’s notes provide amplification and names of resources students/readers can seek out for further information.
Reséndez writes with great clarity and specificity, and provides rich context throughout. His statements are buttressed by academic research and data, as well as a notes section that is almost 100 pages long. Maps provide amplification and visual context. This book is difficult to read not because of its composition, but because of its content. Nonetheless, it is appropriate for high school and college students, as well as for those who would like to know more about this aspect of history.
10 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
A Must Read
By Darcia Helle
When you hear or see the word 'slavery', what comes to mind? As Andres Resendez points out, the vast majority of us will envision African slaves, over-crowded and disease-ridden boats, and southern plantations. While that is a tragic, inexcusable part of American history, Africans were not the only people enslaved during the early, tumultuous years of America's beginnings. The Native Americans who'd roamed the country freely, who'd called the land their own for centuries before Europeans appeared, suddenly found themselves ripped away from their homeland and families, bought, sold, and traded. This occurred in staggering numbers, over a period of centuries.
This book is exceptionally well researched, yet it does not read like a dry textbook. Yes, it's a fairly academic read, in that it's rich in detail, but the writing is alive with texture and emotion. Resendez takes us back to an America most of us wouldn't recognize, to a time when owning a person was somehow justified as a Christian act of kindness. People disguised greed and bigotry as a necessary and righteous behavior, enabling themselves to steal Indian children and put them to work in the name of God.
Resendez takes us from the early struggles with Mexico, up through the Civil War. Most of the focus here is on the American Southwest and Mexico, then over to the American West. He highlights the country's dichotomy in fighting a Civil War to free African slaves, while continuing the enslave a disturbing number of Native Americans. In closing, Resendez briefly discusses our world history of slavery, and how it has never gone away but only evolved into something else to fit the circumstances and skirt the law.
This is a powerful, well written, disturbing, must-read book that should be in every school, a part of every history curriculum, and read by every adult. We need to acknowledge our problematic past if we have any hope of preventing a disastrous future.
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